The Main Functions Of The Central Bank - 998 Words

Central bank is a government created institution which has a very powerful impact by its behaviour on the economy of a country, this includes financial firms as it uses economic tools like credit policies and restriction and supply of money. The central bank of a country would have more impact on the day to day activities of financial services providers, including revenue and cost than any other institution in an economy. The primary function of the central bank is to make changes according to the situation in the market, this would involve supply and cost of money and credit to the financial system, which would directly or indirectly contribute to the nation’s growth and goal. (CHAPTER 2 THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT POLICY AND REGULAITON OPN THE FINANCIAL SERVICE INDUSTRY) The main functions of the central bank are that it controls the issue of legal tender and it has monopoly over it, thus in a way also has the control over the supply of money in the economy. As the central bank is the banker’s bank it has control over both the banking and the non-banking financial institutions. It is the government’s bank and performs traditional banking operations, lending and deposit taking for the government it has enough capacity to manage and administer the country’s national test. The central bank acts as the mediator and regulation with regard to the foreign exchange and gold reserve. The central bank plays a very important role in order to maintain and stabilize the price level andShow MoreRelatedCentral Bank And The Role Of The Bank Of Formulating Monetary Policy And Its Management Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding central bank and the role of bb as central bank in formulating monetary policy and its management Introduction- The Central Bank is the utmost authority that is employed by the government to formulate monetary policy to guide the economy of a country. 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In 2010, Basel III was introduced to tighten equity holdings of banks and it was the primary instanceRead MoreBopexecutive Summary Banking History the First Banks Were Probably the Religious Temples of the Ancient World, and Were Probably Established in the Third Millennium B.C. Banks Probably Predated the Invention of Money.1747 Words   |  7 Pagescom/doc/13314549/Internship-Report-of-Nhttp://www.scribd.com/doc/13314549/Internship-Report-of-NBPBPhttp://www.scribd.com/doc/13314549/Internship-Report-oExecutive Summary BANKING HISTORY The first banks were probably the religious temples of the ancient world, and were probably established in the third millennium B.C. Banks probably predated the invention of money. Deposits initially consisted of grain and later other goods including cattle, agricultural implements, and eventually precious metals such as gold

Waiting for Godot Free Essays

Discuss the dramatic effects [meaning: plot, character, dialogue, language, stage directions]* of the passage [ refer to your photocopied text Start- pg 16. Estragon: (Violently. ) I’m hungry. We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting for Godot or any similar topic only for you Order Now / End pg 18. Estragon: Nothing to be done. (He proffers the remains of the carrot to Vladimir. ) Like to finish it? ] and how it reflects the concerns in Waiting for Godot. Waiting for Godot presents a bleak caricature of the human condition in order to examine more closely the key theme of existentialism. This short passage is symptomatic of the rest of the play, effectively condensing its concerns about human existence in several very poignant moments and metaphors. Central to the passage is the carrot, which acts as a physical and visual metaphor for life itself, and the disappointment that it brings. The fact that the carrot has a deeper meaning is not immediately evident. Initially, Beckett’s choice of food gives us an insight into his thematic concern. Carrots and turnips are a peasant’s food. They taste dull and insipid, and no one but the desperately poor would even contend to eat them day after day â€Å"make it last, that’s the last of them†. The initial dialogue (regarding the carrot) between Estragon and Vladimir further builds on our understanding, with Estragon’s weary question â€Å"Is that all there is? † finally revealing Beckett’s axiom; that hunger, hardship and (most importantly) disappointment are the unalterable laws of life. Beckett builds on this point by showing man’s eternal struggle to make something of his life via the stage directions given â€Å"Vladimir rummages†¦ e rummages again†. The word â€Å"rummages† suggests a blind fumbling, while â€Å"again† suggests repetition. When put together, and repeated several times in that scene, the physical search for a carrot, but finding only turnips â€Å"Give me a carrot. †¦ [Angrily. ] It’s a turnip! â€Å", is emblematic of the wider struggle that all humans face against hardship, but also against false hope. In particular, the curt stage directions given to Estragon [Angrily. ] suggest a sudden explosion of frustration the instant he realises he has bitten down on a turnip instead of a carrot. The intensity and immediacy of the raw emotion demonstrate the potency of disappointment that we experience because of false hope. The conversation that follows reinforces this. Interestingly enough, at the start the conversation raises our hopes that Vladimir will provide a more positive perspective â€Å"Funny, the more you eat, the worse it gets† is followed by â€Å"For me it’s just the opposite† and â€Å"in other words? â€Å". The intuitive opposite of â€Å"the more you eat, the worse it gets† is perhaps the more you eat, the better it gets. However, our expectations, much like Estragon’s earlier are let down when Vladimir wryly remarks â€Å"I get used to the muck as I go along†. All of this combined highlights Beckett’s position regarding Man’s existence, and how it is merely a continuous, unceasing Sisyphean struggle. Besides the carrot, the short reference to Godot is also significant because of the uncertainty that it induces, which is symptomatic of the uncertainty that envelopes our own existence. The conversation between Estragon and Vladimir is peppered with questions, some of which are answered in turn by another question â€Å"Did you reply† is followed by â€Å"†How’s the carrot†. This appears to be an attempt to divert attention away from uncomfortable areas, but by doing so creates a measure of uncertainty and confusion over the motivations for doing so. Vladimir’s overly innocent â€Å"Tied? † is sarcastically challenged by Estragon’s â€Å"ti-ed†. Estragon drags out the word in an attempt to deliberately over exaggerate it, mocking Vladimir. In this case, it almost appears as though Vladimir suffers from selective deafness, and creates further uncertainty as to his motives. When it finally becomes apparent that Vladimir was avoiding the question because he too was uncertain, it generates even more confusion among the audience. Vladimir’s own uncertainty is demonstrated in the way he categorically states â€Å"To Godot? Tied to Godot? What an idea! No question of it! [Pause] For the moment†. The pause before he adds a caveat to his originally (seemingly) unshakable belief shows the flimsiness of his own knowledge. Estragon’s follow up question â€Å"His name is Godot† further confuses the audience. If Estragon did not know who he was waiting for, then why wait in the first place? The confusion evoked by this scene is the intended effect Beckett desired. The confusion and uncertainty that characterises his dream-like dystopia is supposedly the same kind of uncertainty that we encounter in our own existence. Beckett then ends off on a heavy, cynical note, a slightly detached continuation from the carrot metaphor to drive home his final point that for all the disappointment and uncertainty that we face, there is â€Å"nothing to be done†. This phrase is unique for its passivity. It passively accepts without challenging, quietly but willingly resigning oneself to one’s fate. Interestingly, â€Å"No use struggling† and â€Å"No use wriggling† initially provide a contrasting picture of action but is temp ered by the passivity of â€Å"one is what one is†. Furthermore, the use of the word â€Å"No use† again has an undertone of resignation. Amidst this tragic message about the human condition that Beckett tries to put forth, is also a mixture of humour. The carrot remains, now relegated to the role of a physical prop. The stage directions, â€Å"He proffers the carrot† and â€Å"Sucks on the end of it meditatively† provide an atmosphere of nonchalance that conflicts with the tension and seriousness of the message that is being delivered. This tension between humour and the sadness of the human condition is Beckett’s final message to the audience; that while the human condition is inherently sad, it is not monolithic. Humour does exist even in the bleakest of situations and times. Ultimately, this passage conveys successfully Beckett’s views on existence and the human condition. While his views are primarily bleak here, as with the rest of the play, it is also poignant, for the incorporation of humour into the bleak world of Estragon and Vladimir somehow makes their burden simultaneously heavier and lighter. Sheldon Lim 12A13 How to cite Waiting for Godot, Essay examples Waiting for Godot Free Essays â€Å"Waiting For Godot† is a play by Samuel Beckett in which the two main characters Vladimir and Estragon wait for Godot. Both men talk like they know who he is but also agree that if they were to see Godot they wouldn’t recognize him. The play isn’t one that I like but I do like the message that I perceived. We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting for Godot or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my opinion the play is about finding what makes you, you; finding what you live for and finding God. â€Å"Waiting For Godot† takes place in a desolate area where the two men, Vladimir and Estragon wait near a tree. Vladimir, one of the main characters also goes by the nickname Didi given to him by Estragon. Didi seems to be more mature than his friend. Estragon or Gogo, has a poor memory and looks to Didi for help and protection. Pozzo is a blind man who passes by the two men but later doesn’t recall meeting them. Pozzo has a slave named Lucky, although he’s a slave he’s entertaining and smart. Later in the play he becomes ignorant. There is also a boy who comes each night to inform Didi and Gogo that Godot will not be coming but every night insists he hasn’t come the night before. Lastly, Godot who never appears in the play although he’s being waited for. Through out the play Vladimir and Estragon just wait by a tree for Godot, a few people pass through and although Godot fails to appear the men still wait in fear that they might miss him. This play is also a product of the Absurdist movement. The belief of the theater of the absurd is that without God human existence is meaningless. In these plays it’s mostly irrational and illogical communication. Man acts like a puppet, they have no meaning and are controlled by an invisible outside force. Godot is the outside force controlling what Vladimir and Estragon do because they sit and wait for him. There is no plot change and not much action in the play, it’s mostly conversation about random thoughts or actions. In my opinion I believe the play is boring, but the message portrayed is interesting. The reason the play is dull is because each character has no meaning. The whole play is basically conversation and nothing happens. Then again a lot of good messages come out of a whole lot of nothing. Didi and Gogo are simply two men and because they do not have Godot in their lives they are merely just two men. They have no meaning and the message in the play is that you have to find who you are, what you live for, and mostly that without God life has no meaning. In the play â€Å"Waiting For Godot†, Godot portrays God. Although you can not see God, it’s believed that he’s an invisible force or soul that is always there. In the theater of the absurd it says without God life is meaningless. In this play Godot or God never shows up, therefore a sign that God isn’t there and their lives were pointless and were being controlled by this false belief. If Godot would have been there Didi and Gogo’s waiting would have been for a reason. Samuel Beckett’s play â€Å"Waiting For Godot† is a product of the Absurdist movement. The two main characters are waiting the whole time for Godot also thought of as God. Vladimir and Estagon have no meaning in their lives because Godot never shows up. None of the characters know where they belong in life or who they really are because each character changes from on extreme to the other. Didi and Gogo are being controlled by the unknown which only proves how important believing in something is, although it can’t be seen. The main point and meaning in this play is that without God, mankind is nothing. How to cite Waiting for Godot, Papers

Steve Biko vs. Malcolm X free essay sample

Steve Biko vs. Malcolm X BY Jdharns5210 Malcolm X and Steve Biko Black Consciousness Malcolm X and Steve Biko were one of the two most preeminent leaders in world history. These men changed lives and stood up for millions of Africans and African Americans during their short lives. These two men lived by a saying black is beautiful. They also believed that black people in the United States as well as Africans mainly in South Africa deserved the same rights and equality as any other man in the world. They lived through the rough era of the discrimination in the United States and Apartheid in South Africa. Malcolm X and Steve Bikos lives were ended shortly due to assassinations by people who hated them. Who was Steve Biko? Steve Biko was an anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 70s. Steve Biko was born in Kingwilliamstown, South Africa in 1946. He later studied to become a doctor at the University of Natal Medical School in South Africa. Steve Biko was the creator of the famous phrase â€Å"black is beautiful†. This amazing phrase he created was meant to generate pride in oneself and pride within the race. Specifically being the African race. In 1968 Biko formed an organization called SASO, which stands for South African Students’ Organization. He formed this group because he felt that black, Indian and colored students needed an organization of their own. He was then elected first president in July of 1969. Later in 1970 he was selected as the Publicity Secretary. This group SASO was later involved into the Black Consciousness Movement. Black Consciousness to Steve Biko is defined as â€Å"the realization by the black man of the need to rally together with his brothers around the cause of their operation† (Biko, 49†), he also said â€Å"It seeks to infuse the black community with a new found pride in themselves, their efforts, their value systems, their culture, their religion and their outlook to life† (Biko, 49). In an interview Steve Biko did he said â€Å"I basically think Black Consciousness refers itself to the black man and to his situation, and I think the black man is subjected to two forces in this country. † (Biko, 100). The Black Consciousness movement that Biko and other like-minded activists created the growth of Black Power in the United States. The Black Consciousness movements system was founded in black Christianity. This was a way to support non-violence action from his great influence from Mahatma Gandhi. In another interview when Steve Biko was asked about Black Liberation he replied, â€Å"Liberation therefore is of paramount importance in the concept of Black Consciousness, for we cannot be conscious of ourselves and yet remain in bondage. We want to attain the envisioned self which is a free self†. Steve Biko basically means that if you understand the Black Consciousness movement, you would realize that Black Liberation would not come from only imagining and fighting for political changes as the ANC (also known as the African National Congress) did. But, it would also come from a psychological transformation in the minds of black people themselves. Who was Malcolm X? Malcolm X was born by the name of Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother, Louise Norton Little was a homemaker that had to raise her eight children. His father, Earl Little, was a Baptist minister and passionate supporter of the Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Malcolm’s fathers’ civil rights involvement stimulated death threats from the white supremacist organization Black Legion, forcing the family to relocate twice before Malcolms fourth birthday. Growing up, Malcolm had much to deal with. He had to get over the death of his father, his mother being sent to a mental home, being separated from his family and siblings, and most of all he had to brush off the racism that was being thrown at him from early ages. Malcolm was also a very smart student. He graduated from junior high at the top of his class. Malcolm’s life did a complete one hundred eighty degree turn. He was convicted to 10 years in a federal prison and while in prison he converted to Nation of Islam. He was already influenced by his family members to convert to the Nation of Islam, but when he was in jail he became heavily influenced by a man by the name of Elijah Mohammed. His younger brother Reginald also had a great influence of Malcolm. Reginald began telling Malcolm more about the Nation of Islam’s spiritual leader, Elijah Muhammad. Elijah Muhammad’s main message was to teach everyone that all white men are devils. After hearing what Elijah says, Malcolm thinks of all the white people he has come across in his young life. He remembers the social workers who split up his family, the teacher who discouraged him from becoming a lawyer and his customers when he worked as a porter and a pimp. He also considers the white policemen, judge, and guards who have united to lock him away in jail. Every one of these people has done him harm to him in some way. He begins to undergo an overpowering change and accepts the truth of the Nation of Islam. Malcolm once said, â€Å"If you’re afraid of Black Nationalism, you’re afraid of revolution. And if you love revolution, you love Black Nationalism’’. He believed that nationalism brought freedom to those in the people in Africa, and he also believed that nationalism would bring freedom to the African Americans in the United States. Even though Malcolm X was a non-violent activist, he still believed to an extent that violence was a way to solve problems going on. He said that non-violence was the â€Å"philosophy of the fool†. He believed that African Americans would have to regain their national identity, clinch the rights covered by the Second Amendment, and defend themselves from white domination and extrajudicial violence. Malcolm also believed that African Americans must create their own society and ethical values, community-based businesses such as the Alcoholics Anonymous. These were some of that acts that the black Muslims supported. He also thought that African Americans should reject integration or cooperation with Caucasians until they could achieve internal cooperation and unity. Black Consciousness became important to Malcolm X once he got into prison. Black Consciousness in the eyes of Malcolm X was quite similar to Steve Biko’s points in Black Consciousness. For example, in the Autobiography of Malcolm X told by Alex Haley, Malcolm said, â€Å"I reflected many, many times to myself upon how the American Negro has been entirely brainwashed from ever seeing or thinking of himself, as he should, as a part of the nonwhite peoples of the world† (Malcolm X, 352). In this particular quote made by Malcolm X, he showed his commitment to race relations and oppression. Malcolm continuously blamed the whites for the problems that African Americans faced in the mid-1900’s. He felt that that blacks needed to come together as a community to work together to overcome white oppression that was taking place. Even though Malcolm X said, â€Å"America needs to understand Islam, because this is the one religion that erases from its society ‘the race problem’†. He felt that the only way for change in America was to have a faith in the Islam religion. Malcolm’s view on liberation was simple. He believed that that African Americans should embrace their heritage, avoid substances that poisoned the mind, and avoid interaction with whites. He once said, â€Å"We didn’t land on Plymouth Rock. Plymouth Rock landed on us†. When he said this, most people questioned his word. He simply meant that slaves didn’t â€Å"land† on America, but America â€Å"landed† on the slaves. By doing that, America ended the hopes and dreams that were in the minds of Africans and African Americans. Steve Biko and Malcolm X shared liberation ideologies to a certain degree. They both felt that Africans and African American cannot be aware and able to expand themselves while having a mindset of being under control by white people. One difference between Malcolm X and Steve Biko was their views on white people and how their views changed in their short lives. Steve Biko didn’t have a great sense of hate for white people in South Africa as Malcolm did in America. Steve Biko was as non-violent as you could get. But, Malcolm X once said, â€Å"Non-violence was the philosophy of a fool†. Malcolm’s views on white people changed drastically throughout his life. When he was young, his parents taught him and his siblings to not take abuse from white people. While in foster care, he became quite comfortable with his situation living with the Swerlins who were white. Once Malcolm moved to Boston, he began treating white people just as they treated him and other blacks in his past; which was horrible. Once Malcolm was in jail his hatred toward white people remained the same due to the fact that his movements toward joining the nation of Islam ended up brainwashing him to think that all whites are the devil. This all changed when Malcolm was released from jail and later took his trip to Mecca where he met white Islam’s who were unprejudiced. Malcolm X and Steve Biko were a lot alike though. They had a genuine love for their race. They also had a ton of courage. They both lived their lives knowing that they had people on their back who wanted to kill them on a daily basis. Malcolm said in the Autobiography, â€Å"I could suddenly die at the hands of some white racist. Or I could suddenly die at the hand of some Negro hired by the white man† (Malcolm, 388). With the amount of death threats being received, they still pushed forward to try and change the lives of their people. One of the greatest things these two men have in common was the fact that they were men of substance and that they gave their own people hope of survival and change. They helped restore self-respect that was lost in their people and carried their selves with the greatest amount of dignity.